Fortalezas del carácter y salud mental adolescente: mediación moderada por el uso de fortalezas y la mentalidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2026.v32n1.1260Palabras clave:
salud mental adolescente, fortalezas de carácter, uso de fortalezas, mentalidad basada en fortalezas, mediación moderada, bienestar, problemas conductualesResumen
Antecedentes: la salud mental adolescente es un área crítica de investigación debido a la mayor vulnerabilidad, la plasticidad y las huellas duraderas de esta etapa del desarrollo. Objetivo: este estudio examinó la salud mental de los adolescentes desde una perspectiva basada en fortalezas, analizando la interacción de las fortalezas de carácter y el uso de fortalezas entre los grupos de mentalidad fija y de crecimiento. Método: participaron 500 adolescentes escolarizados (entre 13 y 17 años), reclutados mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados en múltiples etapas. Para explorar los patrones de mediación, se aplicó en AMOS 23.0 un análisis de rutas multigrupo. Resultados: en el grupo con mentalidad fija, la humanidad y la justicia mostraron efectos indirectos significativos sobre la salud mental a través del uso de fortalezas, prediciendo mayor bienestar (βHumanidad = .14*; βjusticia = .07*) y menos problemas conductuales (βHumanidad = -.09*; βjusticia = -.04*). En el grupo con mentalidad de crecimiento, los efectos indirectos de varias virtudes incluida la sabiduría (β = .18***), trascendencia (β = .10**), justicia (β = .05*), y templanza (β = .05*) fueron significativos, aunque únicamente en la promoción del bienestar. Conclusión: los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de intervenciones basadas en fortalezas que fomenten el uso activo de estas, y para maximizar su efectividad y aplicabilidad se deben adaptar a la mentalidad subyacente de los adolescentes.
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